Class 06 NCERT Chapters

You must have seen a banyan tree. This is a story about what the author saw, as a young boy, when he was sitting in an old banyan tree in his grandfather’s house.

Has your best friend ever done something you thought was wrong? What did you do then? Did you keep quiet or did you tell your friend what you thought?

In this lesson we look at what we are like and how each of us is different. We are all interesting people in different ways and we are all good at different things.

I HAD heard a great deal about Miss Beam’s school, but not till last week did the chance come to visit it.

In 1997, an Indian - American, Kalpana Chawla, was part of the international crew aboard the U.S.

This is a story about a thoughtful and loving son. He works hard to fulfil his parents’ wishes and gets some unexpected help.

You may know that the dog and the wolf are closely related. You may also know something about how over the centuries, human beings have domesticated and tamed wild animals.

PATRICK never did homework. “Too boring,” he said. He played hockey and basketball and Nintendo instead. His teachers told him, "Patrick! Do your homework or you won’t learn a thing."

Air is found everywhere. We cannot see air, but we can feel it. Air in motion is called wind.

Magnetite is a natural magnet. Magnet attracts materials like iron, nickel, cobalt. These are called magnetic materials.

Electric cell is a source of electricity. An electric cell has two terminals; one is called positive (+ve) while the other is negative (-ve).

Opaque objects do not allow light to pass through them. Transparent objects allow light to pass through them and we can see through these objects clearly. Translucent objects allow light to pass through them partially.

Different modes of transport are used to go from one place to another. In ancient times, people used length of a foot, the width of a finger, the distance of a step as units of measurement. This caused confusion and a need to develop a uniform system of measurement arose.

The surroundings where plants and animals live, is called their habitat. Several kinds of plants and animals may share the same habitat. The presence of specific features and habits, which enable a plant or an animal to live in a particular habitat, is called adaptation.

Bones and cartilage form the skeleton of the human body. It gives the frame and shape to the body and helps in movement. It protects the inner organs.

Plants are usually grouped into herbs, shrubs and trees based on their height, nature of stem and branches.

Handpicking, winnowing, sieving, sedimentation, decantation and filtration are some of the methods of separating substances from their mixtures.

Objects around us are made up of a large variety of materials. A given material could be used to make a large number of objects. It is also possible that an object could be made of a single material or of many different types of materials.

The major nutrients in our food are carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. In addition, food also contains dietary fibres and water.

For comparing quantities of the same type, we commonly use the method of taking difference between the quantities. In many situations, a more meaningful comparison between quantities is made by using division, i.e. by seeing how many times one quantity is to the other quantity. This method is known as comparison by ratio.

A variable takes on different values, its value is not fixed. The length of a square can have any value. It is a variable. But the number of angles of a triangle has a fixed value. It is not a variable.

Perimeter is the distance covered along the boundary forming a closed figure when you go round the figure once.

Data is a collection of numbers gathered to give some information. To get a particular information from the given data quickly, the data can be arranged in a tabular form using tally marks.

To understand the parts of one whole (i.e. a unit) we represent a unit by a block. One block divided into 10 equal parts means each part is 1/10 (one-tenth) of a unit.

A fraction is a number representing a part of a whole. The whole may be a single object or a group of objects.

There are times when we need to use numbers with a negative sign. This is when we want to go below zero on the number line. These are called negative numbers.

The distance between the end points of a line segment is its length. A graduated ruler and the divider are useful to compare lengths of line segments.

A point determines a location. It is usually denoted by a capital letter. A line segment corresponds to the shortest distance between two points. The line segment joining points A and B is denoted by AB.

A factor of a number is an exact divisor of that number. Every number is a factor of itself. 1 is a factor of every number. Every factor of a number is less than or equal to the given number.

The numbers 1, 2, 3, ... which we use for counting are known as natural numbers. If you add 1 to a natural number, we get its successor. If you subtract 1 from a natural number, you get its predecessor.

Given two numbers, one with more digits is the greater number. If the number of digits in two given numbers is the same, that number is larger, which has a greater leftmost digit. If this digit also happens to be the same, we look at the next digit and so on.

A large number of people in the city work on the streets. There are almost one crore street vendors in the country working in urban areas.

Nearly two-fifth of all rural families are agricultural labourers in our country. Not being able to earn money throughout the year forces people in many rural areas to travel long distances in search of work. This travel, or migration, takes place during particular seasons.

Big cities have a Municipal Corporation. In smaller towns it is called a Municipal Council.

Measuring land and keeping land records is the main work of the Patwari. Each Patwari is responsible for a group of villages. The Patwari maintains and updates the records of the village.

The Gram Panchayat meets regularly and one of its main tasks is to implement development programmes for all villages that come under it.

Every country needs a government to make decisions and get things done. The government works at different levels: at the local level, at the level of the state and at the national level.

Sometimes when we meet people who are very different from us we may find them strange and unfamiliar. Prejudice means to judge other people negatively or see them as inferior.

India is a country of many diversities. We speak different languages, have various types of food, celebrate different festivals, practise different religions. Different religious and cultural backgrounds are an aspect of diversity.

India is a country of vast geographical expanse. In the north, it is bound by the lofty Himalayas. The Arabian Sea in the west, the Bay of Bengal in the east and the Indian Ocean in the south.

The surface of the earth is a complex zone in which three main components of the environment meet, overlap and interact. The solid portion of the earth on which we live is called the Lithosphere. The gaseous layers that surround the earth, is the Atmosphere, where oxygen, nitrogen, carbon-dioxide and other gases are found.

A map is a representation or a drawing of the earth’s surface or a part of it drawn on a flat surface according to a scale. Maps showing natural features of the earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans etc. are called physical or relief maps.

Rotation is the movement of the earth on its axis. The movement of the earth around the sun in a fixed path or orbit is called Revolution. The axis of the earth which is an imaginary line, makes an angle of 66½° with its orbital plane.

Globe is a true model (miniature form) of the earth. A needle is fixed through the globe in a tilted manner, which is called its axis. Two points on the globe through which the needle passes are two poles - North Pole and South Pole.

The sun, the moon and all those objects shining in the night sky are called celestial bodies. Some celestial bodies are very big and hot. They are made up of gases. They have their own heat and light, which they emit in large amounts. These celestial bodies are called stars. The sun is a star.

The iron pillar at Mehrauli, Delhi, is a remarkable example of the skill of Indian crafts persons. The skills of our crafts persons are also apparent in the buildings that have survived, such as stupas.

The Pallavas and Chalukyas were the most important ruling dynasties in south India. The kingdom of the Pallavas spread from the region around their capital, Kanchipuram, to the Kaveri delta, while that of the Chalukyas was centred around the Raichur Doab, between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.

The use of iron began in the subcontinent around 3000 years ago. Some of the largest collections of iron tools and weapons were found in the megalithic burials.

Ashoka was one of the greatest rulers known to history and on his instructions inscriptions were inscribed on pillars, as well as on rock surfaces. The empire that Ashoka ruled was founded by his grandfather, Chandragupta Maurya, more than 2300 years ago.

Siddhartha, also known as Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, was born about 2500 years ago. This was a time of rapid change in the lives of people. The Buddha taught that life is full of suffering and unhappiness. This is caused because we have cravings and desires (which often cannot be fulfilled).